Which of the following describes paralytic ileus?

• A. Decreased bowel sounds with increased murmur
• B. Paralysis of small intestine and colon
• C. Increased motility of the colon
• D. Acute gastric dilation

Answer: (B)

Paralytic ileus is characterized by a temporary cessation of bowel motility, leading to the obstruction of the intestines without any mechanical blockage. The correct description is the paralysis of the small intestine and colon, where peristalsis is impaired, causing a buildup of intestinal contents. This condition typically arises in post-operative patients or those with other underlying factors such as severe infections, electrolyte imbalances, or certain medications.

In paralytic ileus, the impaired movement results in symptoms such as abdominal distension, discomfort, nausea, and potentially vomiting. A notable feature is the change in bowel sounds — they are often reduced or absent rather than increased as the intestine is not actively propelling contents.

Understanding this definition helps clarify why other options do not accurately depict paralytic ileus. For example, increased motility would suggest a functioning bowel capable of peristalsis, which contradicts the nature of ileus. Acute gastric dilation refers to a different condition causing stomach enlargement due to air or fluid accumulation, which is not directly linked to the paralysis of intestinal function. Thus, the paralysis of both the small intestine and colon encompasses the essence of paralytic ileus.