Which complication is associated with ulcerative colitis (UC)?

• A. Acute mesenteric ischemia
• B. Toxic megacolon
• C. Circulatory shock
• D. Chronic liver disease

Answer: (B)

Toxic megacolon is a serious complication associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). It refers to an abnormal dilation of the colon, which can occur as a result of the inflammatory process in UC. This dilation can lead to a significant risk of perforation and subsequent peritonitis, both of which are life-threatening conditions.

In patients with UC, there is ongoing inflammation that can disturb normal muscular function and motility of the colon, potentially leading to increased colonic distension. Symptoms of toxic megacolon may include abdominal pain, distension, fever, and signs of systemic illness. The condition requires immediate medical attention and often necessitates hospitalization, as treatment may involve bowel decompression, administration of corticosteroids, or even surgery in severe cases.

The other complications listed, while they may be relevant in different contexts, are not directly associated with ulcerative colitis in the same manner as toxic megacolon. Understanding the specific complications related to diseases like UC is essential for proper diagnosis and management.