What symptoms characterize Pellagra resulting from niacin deficiency?

• A. Fatigue, weakness, and hair loss
• B. Vomiting, constipation, and rash
• C. Diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis
• D. Headache, insomnia, and fever

Answer: (C)

Pellagra is specifically characterized by the classic triad of symptoms: diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis. This condition arises due to a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), which is crucial for various metabolic processes in the body.

The diarrhea associated with pellagra is often described as profuse and can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Dermatitis typically presents as a photosensitive rash, affecting areas of the skin that are exposed to sunlight. Alternatively, the dementia component can manifest as cognitive changes, confusion, and in severe cases, can progress to encephalopathy. This triad of symptoms is distinctive for pellagra and serves as a critical diagnostic tool.

The other options reflect symptoms associated with different medical conditions. Fatigue and weakness may indicate general malnutrition or other vitamin deficiencies, while vomiting and constipation can arise from various gastrointestinal disorders. Headache, insomnia, and fever are also nonspecific and may pertain to a wide range of illnesses but are not indicative of niacin deficiency or pellagra. Thus, the triad of diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis is crucial for recognizing and diagnosing this condition effectively.