What is the most effective screening method for diagnosing osteoporosis in individuals over 65 years old?

• A. X-ray
• B. DEXA scan
• C. Bone density test
• D. CT scan

Answer: (B)

The most effective screening method for diagnosing osteoporosis in individuals over 65 years old is a DEXA scan, which stands for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This imaging technique is specifically designed to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in a precise manner, providing a clear assessment of bone health.

A DEXA scan is highly sensitive and can identify even minor reductions in bone density, making it the preferred method for osteoporosis screening. It generates rapid results, and the exposure to radiation is low compared to other imaging modalities. For older adults, who are at a higher risk for fractures due to osteoporosis, early detection through a DEXA scan can allow for timely intervention and prevention strategies.

Other methods such as X-rays are not as effective for screening osteoporosis since they typically detect significant bone loss only after 30-40% of bone density has already been lost. Bone density tests are often a general term that can encompass DEXA scans but may not refer specifically to that testing method. Similarly, while CT scans can assess bone density, they are not routinely used for screening purposes due to cost, availability, and higher radiation exposure.

Therefore, the DEXA scan is the gold standard for screening osteoporosis in older adults, significantly impacting