What is a primary symptom of pheochromocytoma?

• A. Weight gain
• B. Paroxysmal hypertension
• C. Fatigue
• D. Joint pain

Answer: (B)

A primary symptom of pheochromocytoma is paroxysmal hypertension, which refers to episodes of sudden and severe high blood pressure. Pheochromocytoma is often caused by a tumor of the adrenal glands that secretes catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones lead to increased heart rate and blood vessel constriction, resulting in spikes in blood pressure during episodes or attacks.

Patients may experience these hypertensive crises alongside other symptoms, such as palpitations, sweating, and headaches. The nature of the hypertension can be episodic or paroxysmal, meaning it can occur in discrete episodes rather than being a constant state. This characteristic makes it a key indicator of the condition.

While weight gain, fatigue, and joint pain are common symptoms associated with many medical conditions, they are not hallmark features of pheochromocytoma and do not directly reflect the underlying pathophysiology of catecholamine excess. Thus, paroxysmal hypertension stands out as a defining symptom of this particular endocrine disorder.